In MATLAB, implementing Perturb and Observe (P&O) Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) for a photovoltaic (PV) system involves several approaches, including Variable Step Size MPPT and Global Scan MPPT methods. The P&O algorithm adjusts the operating point of the PV system by perturbing the voltage or current and observing the resulting change in power output to track the maximum power point (MPP). In Variable Step Size MPPT, the algorithm dynamically adjusts the perturbation step size based on the rate of change of power, helping to reduce oscillations around the MPP and improve tracking efficiency. Conversely, Global Scan MPPT systematically scans the entire voltage or current range to identify the MPP, ensuring accuracy but potentially at the cost of slower response times. Engineers can implement these MPPT methods in MATLAB by modeling the PV system, simulating its behavior under different environmental conditions, and evaluating the performance of each MPPT technique in terms of tracking accuracy, response time, and efficiency. MATLAB's computational capabilities and simulation tools provide a versatile platform for developing and optimizing MPPT algorithms to maximize the energy harvesting efficiency of PV systems.